In case of goods, A Trademark is a word, phrase, symbol, and/or design that identifies and distinguishes the source of the goods of one party from those of others.
While for Services, A service mark is a word, phrase, symbol, and / or design that identifies and distinguishes the source of a service rather than goods.
Trade Marks Registry (TMR) is main department of Intellectual Property Organization of Pakistan (IPO-Pakistan) working for the registration of trade and services marks under the Trademarks Ordinance, 2001.
A trade mark can be registered in respect of Goods or Services or both, it should not contain any prohibited word.

PATENT :

A patent is grant of exclusive rights for an invention to make, use and sell the invention for a limited period of 20 years. Once you have registered a patent, it prohibits others to make, use, or sell the invention. The protection of the patent starts once the patent is granted to you by IPO Pakistan.
A patent owner decides that who may or may not use the patented invention during the protected period. The owner of the patent can also sell its own to other, which will make the purchaser the new owner of patent.
Patent can be a useful product or a process.

DESIGN :

Ornamental or aesthetic aspect of an article is design. It may consist of three dimensional features (shape or face) or two dimensional (pattern, lines or color).
It can be for technical and medical instruments to watches, jewelry and other luxury items; from house wares and electrical appliances to vehicles and architectural structures.
The registration of design prevents others from unauthorized copying or imitation of design.

COPYRIGHT :

An instrument which provides the creator of a work of art or literature, or a work that conveys information or ideas, the right to control its usage.
Copyright also gives economic benefit and legal protection to its owner.
Copyrights can be for the following creative works

• Literary works; Books, Magazines, Journals, Lectures, Dramas, Novels, Computer programmes/Software and compilation of data etc.
• Artistic works; paintings, Maps, photographs, drawings, Charts, Calligraphies, Sculptures, Architectural Works, Label Designs, Logos, Monograms and other works alike.
• Cinematographic works; movies, audio-visual works, documentaries etc; and
• Record works; sound recordings, musical works etc.

GI :

Geographical indications (GIs) are distinctive signs used to identify a product as originating from a particular place, region, or country.
These signs have specific geographical origin and possess qualities and reputation due to natural and human factors in place of origin
They are used to protect and promote the reputation of certain products that are closely associated with a specific place of origin, and to ensure that consumers are not misled about the true origin of the product.
According to the GI Act and Rules the following four bodies play a vital role in the GI registration and protection system of Pakistan.

• State
• Registrant
• Authorized Users
• Certification Body

Drafting Contracts Services:

It involves the preparation and creation of legally binding agreements between two or more parties.
Contract/Agreement include all the terms and conditions of a particular transaction or relationship.
These contracts/agreements include purchase agreements, Sale agreements, Rental agreements, deeds, and other related documents.
These contracts can be further registered with the notary public, it includes the process of having the notary public witness the signing of the contract and then affixing their seal and signature to the document to attest that the parties signed it in their presence. Notary public are authorized by the government to perform various legal services, including witnessing the signing of documents, certifying the identity of signatories, and administering oaths.

Hospital Registration

To register a hospital in Pakistan, you need to follow certain procedures and obtain various licenses and permits. Here are the steps to register a hospital in Pakistan:

• Choose a legal structure: You need to decide on the legal structure of your hospital, such as a sole proprietorship, partnership, or a limited liability company.
• Land and building: You need to acquire land and construct a building that meets the requirements set by the government of Pakistan for hospitals. This includes having a certain number of beds, emergency services, operating theaters, and other necessary facilities.
• NOC: You need to obtain a No Objection Certificate (NOC) from the relevant authorities, including the local health department, the Pakistan Medical and Dental Council (PMDC), and the Pakistan Nursing Council (PNC).
• Apply for Registration: You need to apply for registration of your hospital with the relevant authorities, including the Pakistan Medical and Dental Council (PMDC), the Pakistan Nursing Council (PNC), and the local health department.
• Health License: You need to obtain a license from the local health department to operate your hospital.
• Tax Registration: You need to register your hospital with the Federal Board of Revenue (FBR) to obtain a National Tax Number (NTN) and Sales Tax Registration Number (STRN).
• Insurance: You need to obtain insurance for your hospital to cover any liabilities or risks.

It is important to note that the requirements for hospital registration in Pakistan may vary depending on the location and size of your hospital. Therefore, it is recommended to consult with a legal expert or a business consultant to obtain the correct licenses and permits before starting your hospital.

NGO/NPO Registration

NPO and NGO are both non-profit organizations, but they have some differences in their structure and scope of operations.

NPO stands for Non-Profit Organization. This type of organization is typically set up to carry out a specific charitable, social, or cultural purpose. NPOs do not have owners or shareholders, and any profits earned by the organization are used to further its charitable objectives.

On the other hand, NGO stands for Non-Governmental Organization. This type of organization is set up to promote a particular cause or advocate for a specific issue. NGOs are often involved in international development, human rights, and environmental protection. NGOs can be non-profit or for-profit, and they can be funded by government grants, private donations, or their own business activities.
In Pakistan, the registration of NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) and NPOs (Non-Profit Organizations) is governed by several laws and acts, including:

• Companies Act, 2017: This act governs the registration of non-profit companies with the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP).
• Societies Registration Act, 1860: This act governs the registration of societies with the Registrar of Societies in each province.
• Voluntary Social Welfare Agencies (Registration and Control) Ordinance, 1961: This ordinance regulates the registration of social welfare agencies with the Ministry of Social Welfare and Special Education.
• Trusts Act, 1882: This act governs the registration of trusts with the relevant authorities in each province.
• Income Tax Ordinance, 2001: This ordinance regulates the tax exemption and other tax-related benefits for registered NGOs and NPOs.
• Foreign Contributions Regulation Act, 2018: This act regulates the acceptance and utilization of foreign contributions by NGOs and NPOs.

It is important to note that the requirements for registration of NGOs and NPOs may vary depending on the location and type of organization. Therefore, it is recommended to consult with a legal expert or a business consultant to obtain the correct licenses and permits before starting your NGO or NPO.

Reasons for Winding up :

There can be many reason of which what mainly can be are mentioned below.
Bankruptcy; A situation where business is unable to pay its liabilities
Insolvency; where business cannot make payments on time
Shifting to a new business
Personal Reasons
In case of Death
Court Order
Continuous Losses

Process of Winding up of Business :

In order to ascertain the process we first must identify the form or structure of business in
which it was constituted. So process of winding up or closing depending upon whether
it is a Sole Proprietor, Partnership/Firm or Company.

Winding up/Closing of Sole Proprietorship :

Business registration is the process of formally establishing a A business individual mainly register itself in FBR for NTN (National Tax number) and STRN (Sales Tax Registration Number).

So a sole proprietorship business needs to be close done main in FBR through an application
to relevant Commissioner for removal of business and STRN from its name. After going
through all relevant documents and audited accounts, if found satisfactory the relevant
officer will the remove business from individual name and mark it closed.
The owner may further approach to cancel any additional registration from the relevant authority
(where applicable) like Pakistan Engineering council, Chamber of Commerce Industry and professional tax.

Winding up/Closing of Partnership/Firm :

If your business is registered as a firm under the Registrar of the firms then, after completing all the relevant process and documentation,
(1) first you have to approach Registrar of firms. After the due verification the Registrar of the firms will close the firm and issue you a certificate.
(2) Secondly you need to approach the FBR for winding up of NTN and STRN of business.
(3) Further any additional licenses and registration you may approach the relevant authority.

Winding up/Closing of Company :

The process of windup of company may also vary depending upon its form like Single Member Company, Private limited company, public or foreign but mainly following process is followed for the closure of the company.
Winding up of company mean the putting the life of a company to end. Like a natural person company also needs to take care of all of its affairs in the process carefully.
During the process of the winding up of company, Assets are disposed, Debts are paid off from the sold assets proceeds. If any surplus is left it is distributed among the shareholders.
The process of winding up begins as soon as the court passes the order for winding up though a liquidator and which is also appointed by the court.
Once above mentioned due process is completed, the its further cancellation is requirement in all the Government and Private bodies where it was registered like FBR, PEC, CCI, Excise & Taxation, Customs, BOI (Board of Investment) etc.